Baseboard heaters offer a powerful, versatile and quiet solution for zoned or supplemental heat. Because they lack moving parts, baseboard heaters require little maintenance and can remain functional for decades. Unfortunately, conventional electric baseboard heaters are not energy efficient.

That’s where hydronic baseboard heaters come in. They offer all the advantages of conventional baseboard heaters with considerably more energy efficiency. Read on to learn about hydronic baseboard heaters and how to choose the best one for your home heating needs.

What Is a Hydronic Baseboard Heater?

A hydronic baseboard heater uses heated liquid (usually water, but sometimes oil) to distribute radiant heat in a room. It can be a self-contained electrical-powered unit that heats an internal reservoir of liquid (electric hydronic baseboard heater), or one integrated into a home’s central heating system boiler (hydronic baseboard radiator). Both types usually have metal heating fins surrounding the fluid pipe or reservoir to capture and distribute heat from the hot water.

Hydronic baseboard heaters are more efficient because the hot water continues to emit heat long after the heater is turned off. That differs from most electric space heaters, whose metal heating fins quickly cool when turned off.

Benefits of a Hydronic Baseboard Heater

“Traditional electric heaters circulate warm air throughout the room by convection, and with the warm air, all dust and allergens circulate too, says plumbing and HVAC expert Justin Cornforth. “This doesn’t happen with hydronic baseboard heaters because they don’t blow air around. Hydronic baseboard heaters also don’t dry out the air like electric heaters do, which is a huge benefit in homes where the air gets dry in winter.”

How to Choose a Hydronic Baseboard Heater

Finding the best hydronic baseboard heater for your home will largely depend on the size of the space you want to heat. This can be determined by the heater’s power rating.

The output rating for electric hydronic baseboard heaters is based on watts (a measurement of electrical power consumption to be converted to heat energy), while the rating for hydronic baseboard heaters is in British Thermal Units or BTUs (a standard measurement of heat energy).

Generally, an electric heater should have 10 watts of power for every square foot of living space, and a radiator should put out 20 BTUs per square foot. For example, a 100 square foot room would require at least a 1,000 watt (100 x 10) electric hydronic baseboard heater, or a 2,000 BTU baseboard radiator. It’s important to ensure your boiler has a large enough BTU output capacity to accommodate the rating of the baseboard radiator before it’s installed.

Hydronic Baseboard Heater Costs and Installation

Electric hydronic baseboard heaters usually cost between $200 and $250, and hydronic baseboard radiators between $65 and $200. The difficulty and expense of installation depend on the type of heater and whether you will be replacing an old baseboard heater or installing one for the first time.

Replacement can usually be a DIY project if you’re capable of removing baseboard trim, splicing some wires together (for electronic hydronic heaters), and connecting water lines (for hydronic radiator heaters).

On the other hand, installing an electric hydronic heater where there was none before will likely require a professional electrician to run new wires and install a new breaker on your electrical panel. Likewise, installing a new hydronic baseboard radiator will require a professional plumber to run new plumbing through your home’s walls and/or floor. The average cost for an electrician to install an electric baseboard heater is $764, while installing a baseboard radiator can cost between $400 and $1,070.

Hydronic Baseboard Heater Maintenance

One of the advantages of hydronic baseboard heaters is their ease of maintenance. An annual cleaning of dust and debris from the metal heating fins to ensure proper airflow is usually all that’s required. This is easily done by removing the front cover and vacuuming the fins. You can also use a small brush or damp rag for a more thorough cleaning. It’s best to perform the cleaning at the start of heating season.

Hydronic radiant heaters should also have their plumbing lines bled of excess air annually to prevent noisy operation and reduced heat production. You bleed the air by opening the “bleed valve” with a screwdriver or radiator key after the boiler has been turned off and the baseboard radiator has cooled down. “After you bleed the air,” advises Cornforth, “make sure to check the boiler’s pressure gauge—it should usually be between 12 and 15 psi. Too low or too high boiler’s pressure often results in uneven heating, leaks, or even damage to the system.”

One more piece of advice from Cornforth: “One thing you can easily forget, but is important to do, is to clean the end caps and dampers on hydronic baseboard heaters. Just a quick wipe with a damp cloth during your yearly cleaning is what they need for proper airflow and even heat.”

Hydronic Baseboard Heater Safety Considerations

Baseboard heaters are generally safe to use. Hydronic heaters, specifically, carry less risk of causing contact burns when touched because they don’t achieve surface temperatures as high as many other heaters. However, there are certain safety considerations you should keep in mind when using a hydronic baseboard heater. These include:

  • Keeping window coverings, furniture and other potentially flammable materials at least 12 inches from the front of the heater;
  • Keeping other flammable materials at least six inches from either side of the heater;
  • Ensuring no fully opened door is blocking the heater.

It’s also wise to only purchase a baseboard heater that’s been tested for safe use by a third party certification agency, like Underwriter Laboratories (UL).

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About the Expert

Justin Cornforth is the CEO at Ace Home Co.

Author
James Fitzgerald
James Fitzgerald is a home improvement writer who specializes in DIY, gardening, landscaping and home improvement. He has over a decade of professional experience in a variety of trades: he has worked as a ranch hand, as well as in construction, landscaping and general maintenance.
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James Fitzgerald